Title

- The agencies, regulations, and confidential reporting programs; deregulation and the public perspective of risk; flight attendants, passengers; violence; air safety and accident procedures; eyewitness errors.

- Teamwork, CRM and crew training; motivation and leadership; company policy and crew behavior; fixed-crew operation; the physical environment; the effects of long-range flight fatigue and sleep management; smoking; vision.

- Modern controls; progress in automation and its effect on flight crew; the glass cockpit and flat panel displays; language problems and communication; checklists for pre-flight, in-flight and emergencies; radio communications and data links. Contents: Acknowledgements; Preface; The Meaning of Human Factors; Human Error; Fatigue, Body Rhythms and Sleep; Fitness and Performance; Vision and Visual Illusions; Motivation and Leadership; Communication: Language and Speech; Attitudes and Persuasion; Training and Training Devices; Documentation; Displays and Controls; Space and Layout; The Aircraft Cabin and its Human Payload; Education and Application; Appendices; References; Index. From some of the scores of authoritative reactions and published reviews of the first edition: "An outstanding job of presenting much-needed information in a highly readable style..." John K. Lauber, National Transportation Safety Board. "Captain Frank Hawkins' book ought to be read by everyone in the airline business." Dr. Yoshi Funatsu, All Nippon Airways Safety Committee Chairman. "... This book should be required reading for professional engineers in civil aviation and for all those other professionals concerned with the operation of aircraft. If this book is as widely read as it deserves, it will contribute significantly to accident prevention." Aerospace. "...A very useful book, particularly from the pilot's standpoint..." Dr. Robert L. Arnold, Instructional Systems Manager, United Airlines. "...A simply superb job of brining the human side of the flight deck crew and their passengers to the attention of the aerospace community." Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal. About the Author. Captain Frank H. Hawkins FRAeS, M Phil, was Human Factors Consultant to KLM, for whom he flew for over 30 years as line captain and R & D pilot, and he designed the flight decks for all KLM aircraft from the Viscount to the Boeing 747. In this period he developed and applied his specialization in Human Factors. About the Editor, Captain Harry W. Orlady is an Aviation Human Factors Consultant and a former Senior Research Scientists for the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS); he has also worked with NASA/Ames, with private research firms and the FAA in its certification of the Boeing 747-400 and the McDonnell-Douglas MD-11.

". . . this book would be generally useful for practitioners wishing to be appraised of the current work in the field, or interested in a particular topic such as situation awareness. ...A benefit of the book is that it is likely to introduce readers to at least one aspect of aviation operations that they have not specifically covered in the past." -- Ergonomics Abstracts

Human factors is universally recognised to be at the very heart of future developments in the maintenance and improvement of aviation safety. Now formally incorporated in pilot and ATC training and licensing, it ranks ever more highly on the research agenda of aviation psychologists, and in degree courses across the world.

It is the third in a series of three, volumes 1 and 2 respectively entitled Applications of Psychology to the Aviation System and Aviation Psychology: Training and Selection. All three comprise the proceedings of the 21st Conference of the European Association of Aviation Psychology, and complement the previously published, Aviation Psychology in Practice. Taken together, they provide a valuable and timely overview of the present state of aviation psychology.

The selected contributions reflect a range of current human factors issues in aviation, including the effects of new technology on human performance and its implications for the role of the human operator. This applies in particular to the introduction of automated cockpits, flight management systems and ATC datalink implementations. Reflecting the more cognitive thrust of the current Zeitgeist, much of this work involves the development and evaluation of models of human cognitive performance.

Developments in technology impact on the management of airspace and of aircraft by ATC and flight crew; the human component needs optimal integration with the technically-driven, automated and intelligent systems components; and both "traditional" human factors such as stress and the more recently recognised post-traumatic stress syndrome affect performance. Broad themes such as these underscore the importance of this work to a wide range of applied psychologists, not only those in aviation, as well as to trainers and operational aviation personnel at all levels.

Contents: Introduction; Aeronautical Decision Making: Aeronautical decision making in general aviation: new intervention strategies; Aeronautical decision making: historical results and a new paradigm; FOR-DEC: a prescriptive model for aeronautical decision making; Pilot decision making: a Canadian application; Cockpit crises and decision making: implications for pilot training; US Air Carrier emergency evacuation events: necessary or negligent aeronautical decisions?; Operator decision making: information on demand; ATC - Automated Systems: The effects of reduced partyline information in a Datalink environment; Flight demonstration of Datalink in an integrated airborne system; The effects of ATC Datalink on instrument and environmental scanning during flight operations; Flight crew performance in automated air traffic management; Impact of ATM on future flight deck design; ATC - Human Factors: Human factor design considerations for Air Traffic Control information displays in a modern glass cockpit; ERATO: cognitive engineering applied to ATC; A stress-based analysis in Air Traffic Control; The human role in aircraft-air traffic automation integration: what we don't know can't help us; Human factor issues of advanced ATC systems; Critical Incident Stress Management: Not only the sharp end: a flight attendant's viewpoint; Debriefing British POW's after the Gulf War and released hostages from Lebanon - lessons learnt for use in a wide variety of critical situations including aviation; Critical incident response program: a Canadian perspective; The establishment of the Delta-ALPA critical incident response program; Error Analysis: A methodological framework for root cause analysis of human errors; Simultaneous error: during altitude deviations; Controlled flight into terrain avoidance: why the ground proximity warning system is too little, too late; Visual perception of object motion and depth: implications for poor visibility; Fear of Flying: Fear of flying: an investigation into aerophobia and its treatment; Description and psychometric evaluation of a self-report instrument for fear of flying assessment; Evaluation of a structural multicomponent program in the treatment of fear of flying; Hardware and Software Interface Design: Systems engineering, cognition and complex systems; A review of the benefits of colour coding collimated cockpit displays; Interaction with intelligent cockpit systems: an analysis; Colour and shape coding of head-up display pitch bars; Aircraft Maintenance: Maintenance CRM training: assertiveness attitudes effect on maintenance performance in a matched sample; Physiological Factors: Pilots, performance and hypoxia: a review of some research into the effects of mild hypoxic hypoxia; Illness or incapacitation in aviation safety incidents; Relationships between aviation physiology and aviation psychology; Pilot Competence: Pilot intervention times; The identification, collection and measurement of pilot competencies and flight test parameters using head-up displays; Complacence: an unconscious reaction to bad communication; Pilots' psychology through an oculometric study; Situation Awareness: Measurement of situational awareness and performance: a unitary SART index predicts performance on a simulated ATC task; The role of Crew Resources Management (CRM) in achieving team situational awareness in aviation settings; A taxonomy of situation awareness errors; Distributed situation awareness: a concept to cope with the challenge of tomorrow; Situational awareness in US Air Force F-15 pilots: no substitute for experience; Workload: Developing a flight workload profile using Continuous Subjective Assessment of Workload (C-SAW); Mental workload and performance in combat aircraft: systems evaluation; AWAS (Aircrew Workload Assessment System): issues of theory, implementation and validation.

Nick McDonald is Head of Department of Psychology, Trinity College, Dublin and Chairman of the Aerospace Psychology Research Group. Ray Fuller is Senior Lecturer in Psychology and Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. His current research concerns behaviour and safety in transportation and airport ramp safety training. Neil Johnston is a Boeing 737 captain with Aer Lingus. He is Associate Editor of The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, and is also with the Aerospace Psychology Research Group at Trinity College, Dublin.

This is the first available edited collection of chapters on human performance in general aviation. All the authors have knowledge of both the research literature and the operational background of general aviation. Chapters are designed to survey the current state of knowledge in areas critical to general aviation and to spell out both the operational implications of this knowledge, and the directions needed for future research.

Topics covered include strategies for flight instruction; the development of computer-based training; stress and decision making; skill development; the involvement of general aviation pilots in incidents and accidents; human factors implications of GPS use, and the future of aircraft design and development in general aviation.

Human Performance in General Aviation provides an authoritative outline of currently applicable human factors knowledge for general aviation and a valuable guide to future developments. It features a foreword by Dr. Gordon Vette.

Contents: List of contributors; Acknowledgements; Foreword: Captain Dr. Gordon Vette; Part 1: Introduction: Introduction to human performance in general aviation, David O'Hare; Forgotten lessons in aviation human factors, Stanley Roscoe; Part 2: The General Aviation Pilot: The general aviation pilot: variety is the spice of flight, David Hunter; Grace under fire: the nature of stress and coping in general aviation, Alan Stokes and Kirsten Kite; Part 3: Instruction and Training: Integrating human factors education in general aviation: issues and teaching strategies, Irene Henley, Prue Anderson, and Mark Wiggins; Flying light aircraft: the aircraft control problem and psychomotor skill development, Don Harris; Part 4: Computer-Based Training in General Aviation: The development of computer-assisted learning (CAL) systems for general aviation, Mark Wiggins; A pilot for all seasons: beyond simulation, David O'Hare and Richard Batt; Part 5: New Technology and General Aviation: Lost in space: warning, warning, satellite navigation, Ruth Heron and Mike Nendick; Innovative trends in general aviation technology: promises and problems, Dennis Beringer; Part 6: Safety and Accident Investigation: Safety is more than accident prevention: risk factors for crashes and injuries in general aviation, David O'Hare; The role of accident investigation in general aviation, Dmitri Zotov; Index. David O'Hare, University of Otago, New Zealand.

The motivation for writing Air Traffic Control: Human Performance Factors comes from the author's long standing belief that the needs of Air Traffic Service personnel are inadequately represented in the aviation literature. Many of the books written for pilots and about pilots--and programs of the main international conferences--contain few references to air traffic control.

In line with the ICAO syllabus for human factors training for Air Traffic Controllers, the book covers the main issues in air traffic control, with regard to human performance: physiology including stress, fatigue and shift work problems; psychology with emphasis on human error and its management; social psychology including issues of communication and working in teams; the environment including ergonomic principles and working with new technologies; and hardware and software issues, including the development of documentation and procedures and a study of the changes brought about by advanced technologies.

Throughout the text there are actual examples taken from the air traffic control environment to illustrate the issues discussed. A full bibliography is included for those who want to read beyond these issues.

It is important that the men and women in senior management positions have some knowledge and awareness of the fundamental problems that limit and enhance human performance. Consequently, Air Traffic Control: Human Performance Factors is written for all in air traffic services, from ab initio to the boardroom.

Contents: Foreword by Captain Daniel Maurino. The need for human factors; Human error; Liveware: the controller; Liveware--liveware: social psychology and the controller; Liveware--software: procedures, documentation and the controller; Liveware--hardware: equipment and the controller; Liveware--environment: other factors and the controller; Appendix A: test of the blind spot; Appendix B: task/relationship questionnaire; Appendix C: key to the countries in the Hofstede model; Bibliography; Index. Anne R. Isaac, human factors group at EUROCONTROL, Belgium, with Bert Ruitenberg, representative of the International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations, and Air Traffic Controller, Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 

Contents: Part I: Selection and Training; A validation study of the QANTAS pilot selection process; Selection of ab initio pilot candidates: The SAS system; Organizational aspects of non-technical programmes; DLR selection of air traffic control applicants: Predictive validity; Progress in computer aided testing; The Defense Mechanism Test and success in flying training; Training mental rotation skills; Psychological testing in aviation: An overview; Part II: Simulation; Introduction to simulation; Simulating obstacle avoidance cues for low-level flight; Ultra-cheap simulation of cognitive load in a two-man helicopter; MIDIS)a microcomputer flight decision simulator; Selection by flight simulation: Effects of anxiety on performance; Part III: Operational Issues; Giving the pilot two sources of information: Help or hindrance?; Attitudes towards a no smoking trial on MoD chartered flights; An integrated private and instrument pilot flight training programme in a university; A conceptualization of aviation psychology on the civil flight deck; Index.

Contributors include: O. Benn, Institute of Aviation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; D. Damos, University of Southern California, USA; H. Dudfield, Flight Systems Department, Royal Aerospace Establishment, Farnborough, UK; H. Gordon, Scandinavian Institute of Aviation Psychology, Stockholm, Sweden; S.E. Pattison, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK; J. Wilbourn, USAF Training Center, Lackland AFB, USA. Dr. Eric W. Farmer is Head of Human Factors, Defence Research Agency, Farnborough, United Kingdom.

"This is a thoughtful and well-informed discussion of a great many aspects of air safety, particularly from a pilot's point of view . . . an interesting overview of the history of aviation . . . much useful and interesting reference material." -- Robotic

". . . intended for readers who are active in current air transport operations, as well as for students." -- Flight Safety Digest

"A first rate resource . . . the merit of this book is its broad coverage of the professional management and practical background together with good industry examples. The authors draw on information gained from accidents and explain the safety issues. A valuable reference." -- Aviation Research Lab

"For people starting a career in aviation or the general reader 'Human Factors in Multi-Crew Flight Operations' offers a comprehensive overview of the safety issues confronting the air transport industry. It would make an excellent textbook for the student pilot while its scope and easy style makes it a useful reference work for line pilots wanting to refresh their knowledge of human factors." -- Journal of Professional Aviation Training

"Today's aviation community sees a wide spread of Human Factors related publications, papers, meetings and talks. As highly developed and very specific academic research breaks open yet another generation of CRM on one side of the globe, crew members still struggle over finding a common language on the flight deck in an other corner of the airlines world. For a newcomer a journey into the broad offer of Human Factors literature might become similarly irritating. Highly skilled, the Orladys have achieved to mind melt the wealth of a two-generation personal experience in relevant Human Factors in Aviation with a broad spectrum of research findings and worldwide practical CRM-implementation results. The book is a 'must' for specialists, newcomers and practitioners." -- Captain Dr. Werner Naef, Head of Human Aspects Development, Swissair and Secretary of European Association for Aviation Psychology

"An essential text -- not only for pilots -- but anyone involved in or concerned with air transport operations." -- John Wegg, Editor-in-Chief, Airways

"Positively provides the most comprehensive spectrum of Human Factors multicrew flightdecks -- a basic textbook for the intent learner and a bible for the astute aviation practitioner." -- Joey Anca, Manager Human Factors, Ansett Australia

"This book is an A to Z compendium of the evolution and application of human factors in aviation. This is the first time I have seen the whole spectrum of generalist to specialist areas covered in such lucid, practical terms and contained in one, manageable volume. Incredibly thorough in range, the book is also full of delightfully unexpected and interesting tidbits of background information. The authors have made a huge volume of work accessible and therefore useful to the person who matters most, they have reached beyond the lecture halls and conference walls to the ordinary person with limited resources but a strong interest in operational flight safety. . . . excellent accomplishment." -- Nicole Svatek, Manager, Virgin Atlantic Airways, Human Factors

"A first rate resource . . . the merit of this book is its broad coverage of the professional management and practical background together with good industry examples. The authors draw on information gained from accidents and explain the safey issues. A valuable reference." -- Dr. Christopher D. Wickens, University of Illinois Aviation Research Laboratory

". . . the best book I've ever seen for a comprehensive understanding of the field of Aviation Human Factors . . . a wonderful contribution." -- Dr. Sherry Chappell, Program Manager, Human Factors Services, Delta Technology

Human Factors in Multi-Crew Flight Operations presents, from the viewpoint of a well-informed pilot, a broad approach to aviation human factors, and its relationship to the safety and efficiency of air transport operations. It deals with the application and effective implementation of modern human factors knowledge, and with the impact of new technology. It also provides much information about the air transport industry, its heritage, and other salient data, previously unavailable in one volume.

Its industry perspective provides a vivid context for the understanding of human factors, pitched at a level for those studying and engaged in current air transport operations. The book covers the International Civil Aviation Organization's progressive requirements for all pilots to be familiar with human performance and limitations. The first two chapters furnish a background that is necessary for an understanding of the size and projected growth of this dynamic and very large industry.

In further chapters the authors cover all aspects of air transport human factors: the basic physiology and psychology of aviation, its growth to a core technology, the team concept and Crew/Cockpit Resource Management (CRM), the role of human error, the changing role of the co-pilot, the challenging and evolving role of the flight attendant, and other relevant human factors issues. The final chapters discuss current aviation problems, transport aviation safety, the forecast future of the industry, and the industry's operational innovations. These are followed by copious Appendices including many useful lists, a Glossary, and a full Index.

This comprehensive book will interest all who are concerned with transport flight operations: especially pilots, flight attendants, other members of the operations team, engineers, scientists, managers, air traffic controllers, regulators, general aviation pilots, educators, researchers, and serious students.

Contents: List of tables; List of figures; Foreword by John Lauber; Acknowledgements; Introduction; Our heritage in air transport; The industry and its safety record; A brief history of human factors and its development in aviation; The physical environment and the physiology of flight; Those magnificent flying machines and their internal environment; The social environment; Basic communication; Documentation, including checklists, and information management; Man's limitations, human errors and information processing; Workload; Automation; Situation awareness and operating in today's environment; Crew resource management (CRM) and the team approach; Fatigue and stress; Fitness to fly; Selection and training; The challenging role of the flight attendant; Non-punitive incident reporting; Some ramifications of accident analysis; The worldwide safety challenge; Current safety problems; The air transport future; Appendices; Selective glossary of acronyms and abbreviations; Index. Harry Orlady is a consultant specializing in air transport safety, aviation human factors, and air transport certification. He was recently made a member of the Wisconsin Aviation Hall of Fame. A former Senior Research Scientist for the Aviation Safety Research System ASRS, he has also worked with NASA/Ames, the FAA, and several aviation or human factors corporations. As a senior pilot with United Airlines he flew ten types of aircraft ranging from DC-3 to B747. Linda M. Orlady is a pilot with United Airlines, presently flying the Airbus A320. Previously she flew the Boeing 747-400 as First Officer. She is also consultant in CRM and Human Factors and has been involved in several aviation safety and human factors research areas since the early 1980s, was instructor at Ohio State University, a NASA-sponsored researcher for Harvard University, and CRM manager for United Airlines.

". . . much to offer in the design and implementation of auditory alarm displays." -- Aerospace Access

There are many characteristics and features associated with the technology of auditory displays such as intensity, frequency, attention-getting ability, psychological salience, and noise penetration ability. They should be chosen with regard to background noise environment and the role they are required to fulfill. Research on auditory warnings and displays has yet to filter into current design practice.

Human Factors in Auditory Warnings provides answers to many of the problems associated with the design and application of auditory warnings. It represents the position of contemporary auditory warnings research and development in a single unique volume. Application domains include air traffic control, aviation, emergency services, manufacturing, medicine, military and nuclear power. The contributors constitute many key experts in this area, some of whom are psychoacousticians, some psychologists and some ergonomists. Correspondingly, the chapters range from those covering basic topics such as audibility and localization of warnings, through psychological issues concerned with the relationship between design, understanding and the behavioral response, to the more general ergonomic issues of implementing the warnings in a particular context.

Although each of the chapters takes a slightly different perspective, they all balance theoretical underpinning with practical application. The editors have undertaken to draw all of the contributions together by providing an overview of warnings research at the beginning of the book and summary of the contributions at the end. This book will appeal to all involved in the research, development, design and implementation of auditory warnings.

Contents: Part I: Introduction: Auditory warnings and displays, Neville A. Stanton and Judy Edworthy; Part II: Acoustics and Auditory Processes: Localizable alarms, Deborah J. Withington; Audibility of reverse alarms under hearing protectors and its prediction for normal and hearing-impaired listeners, Gary S. Robinson and John G. Casali; Extending the domain of auditory warning sounds: creative use of high-frequencies, R.D. Patterson and A.J. Datta; Part III: Auditory Cognition: The interpretation of natural sound in the cockpit, James A. Ballas; Auditory warning affordances, Neville A. Stanton and Judy Edworthy; The perceived urgency and detection time of multizone auditory signals, Ellen C. Haas and Judy Edworthy; A psychophysiological evaluation of the perceived urgency of auditory warning signals, Jennifer L. Burt, Debbie S. Bartolome-Rull, Daniel W. Burdette and J. Raymond Comstock, Jr.; Part IV: Alarms in the Broader Context: Investigations of alarm mistrust under conditions of varying alarm and ongoing task criticality, James P. Bliss; Using redundancy in the design of time critical warnings: a theory-driven approach, Stephen J. Selcon; Different effects of auditory feedback in man-machine interfaces, Matthias Rauterberg; Speech-based alarm displays, N.A. Stanton and C. Baber; Part V: Practical Issues: Designing aircraft warning systems: a case study, J.M. Noyes, A.F. Cresswell Starr and J.A. Rankin; The design and validation of attentions for a high workload environment, Elizabeth Hellier and Judy Edworthy; Observational studies of auditory warnings on the intensive care unit, Christina Meredith, Judy Edworthy and David Rose; Auditory alarms in intensive care, John Welch; Part VI: Conclusions: Key topics in auditory warnings, Neville A. Stanton and Judy Edworthy; Index. Neville A. Stanton, Reader in Engineering Psychology, University of Southampton, UK and Judy Edworthy, Reader in Human Factors, Psychology Department, University of Plymouth, UK.

The Field Guide to Human Error Investigations is intended for those who want to understand human error in complex, dynamic domains. It offers concrete guidance for reconstructing or investigating human error - not to find out where people went wrong, but why their performance made sense to them at the time.

Beyond Aviation Human Factors, Safety in High Technology Systems
Daniel E. Maurino, James Reason, Neil Johnston and Rob Lee

"This is serious and good stuff, and should be compulsory reading for every accident investigator and for safety officers of any technology-based organisation." -- Aerospace

"This important volume will be of relevance to all operational aviation management, technical and non-technical personnel in aviation, other transportation and high technology production industries." -- Occupational Safety and Health

". . . very detailed . . . very valuable because it describe[s] an alternative methodology for investigating accidents and provide[s] sufficient information to allow the reader to think about strategy for considering the role of latent organizational failures." -- Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine

". . . provides a clear insight into the sequence of circumstances that can occur and cause an accident to happen. In this the book is enlightening and more than a little worrying." -- Ergonomics

Abstracts

"The authors of this book have made an important contribution to aviation safety literature." -- Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal

". . . provides an alternative approach to traditional human factors studies." -- Flight Safety Digest

". . . makes fascinating reading from the first page to the last. . . . The foreword of the book is written by the Hon. Mr. Justice Virgil P. Moshansky, who was in charge of the investigation into the FK28 crash in Dryden, Ontario (one of the cases described in the book) - an investigation widely recognised as the first to look for systemic factors behind the accident rather than stop at the conclusion 'pilot error'. Therefore this forework certainly also comprises a must for any aviation practitioner who has an interest in Human Factors. Highly recommended!" -- The Controller

The authors believe that a systemic organizational approach to aviation safety must replace the piecemeal approaches largely favored in the past, but this change needs to be preceded by information to explain why a new approach is necessary. Accident records show a flattening of the safety curve since the early 1970s. However, instead of new kinds of accidents, similar safety deficiencies have become recurrent features in accident reports. This suggests the need to review traditional accident prevention strategies, focused almost exclusively on the action or inactions of front-line operational personnel.

The organizational model proposed by the authors is one alternative means to pursue safety and prevention strategies in contemporary aviation; it is also applicable to other production systems. The model argues for a broadened approach, which considers the influence of all organizations involved in aviation operations (the "blunt end"), in addition to individual human performance (the "sharp end"). If the concepts of systems safety and organizational accidents are to be advanced, aviation management at all levels must be aware of them.

This book is intended to provide a bridge from the academic knowledge gained from research, to the needs of practitioners in aviation. It comprises six chapters; in the first, the fundamentals, background, and justification for an organizational approach to aviation safety and prevention endeavors are explained. Four case studies follow which illustrate the application of the organizational accident causation model to the flight deck, maintenance, and air traffic control environments. The last chapter suggests different ways to apply the model as a prevention tool which furthermore enhances organizational effectiveness.

The value of the organizational framework pioneered by Professor Reason in analyzing safety in high-technology production systems is felt by his co-authors to have an enduring role to play, both now and in coming decades. The applications of the approach as detailed in this book have been adopted by ICAO, IFATCA, IMO, the US National Transportation Safety Board, the Transportation Safety Board of Canada, the Bureau of Air Safety Investigation, (BASI, Australia), and British Airways, among others.

Every effort has been made to ensure that the book is relevant to the operation environment. The readership includes aviation management, pilots, air traffic controllers, maintenance engineers, accident investigators, and civil aviation authorities. Training, operational, non-technical, and quality control personnel in aviation will also find Beyond Aviation Human Factors of interest, as will personnel in other modes of transportation and other high-technology production industries.

Contents: Foreword by the Honourable Mr. Justice Vergil P. Moshansky; Preface; Widening the search for accident causes: a theoretical framework; Erebus and beyond; Pathogens in the snow: the crash of Flight 1363; The BAC1-11 windscreen accident; The Australian airmiss study; Remedial implications: some practical applications of the theory; Index.

Captain Daniel E. Maurino is the Coordinator of the Flight Safety and Human Factors Study Programme, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

Professor James Reason is Professor of Psychology at the University of Manchester, England. He is the author of Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents in hardback and paperback (1997), and Human Error (1990).

Captain Neil Johnston is a Boeing 737 Captain with Aer Lingus. He is Associate Editor of The International Journal of Aviation Psychology and co-editor of Aviation Psychology in Practice in hardback and paperback (1994).

Dr. Rob B. Lee is the Director of the Australian Bureau of Air Safety Investigation (BASI). He was formerly with the Royal Australian Air Force.

1995, 192 pages

Designing Instruction for Human Factors Training in Aviation
Edited by Graham J.F. Hunt

". . . a significant contribution in addressing various human factors training issues not only for flight-crew personnel, but also for those involved in other areas of aviation. The book advances our knowledge in human factors in instructional design, how to teach human factors effectively, and to evaluate training outcomes . . . valuable contribution to the literature." -- Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal

". . . is an instructional resource for those responsible for designing, teaching or evaluating human factors issues in aviation training and educational programmes." -- Air Line Pilot

". . . this book is important and should prove to have a positive impact on the quality of human factors training in aviation settings. . . .The book is recommended for instructors and curriculum developers working in general aviation, the airline industry, and air traffic control." -- Airways, 1997

Human factors is now universally recognized as a critical component in flights, air traffic, maintenance, engineering and organizational safety in aviation. There is therefore a mandated requirement by most regulatory authorities for human factors knowledge in flight crew licensing. An increasing concern of those who are required to deliver this content is how to maximize the effectiveness of human factors training to enhance safety.

The book provides an instructional resource for all who are responsible for designing, teaching or evaluating human factors issues in aviation training and educational programs. It brings together a range of insights and experiences structured to follow the underlying theories, through the use of technology and teaching to assessment procedures. It also considers the specific needs of groups such as air traffic controllers and air accident investigators.

The invited contributors from diverse backgrounds also present a range or recurring themes: the need for competency-based skills that have practical value in the workplace, the importance of context to training effectiveness, the rising importance of technology as a powerful tool for implementing the new ideas emerging from instructional psychology, and the spread of human factors training to other aviation domains.

The intended readership includes instructors, CRM facilitators, human factors and safety departments in flight, operations and air traffic management, aviation and educational psychologists, and specialists in computer based training.

Contents: List of figures; List of tables; List of contributors; Preface; Instruction and Evaluation: Instruction and evaluation: design principles in instructional design, Graham J.F. Hunt; Influences on the learning process and learning outcome: practical implications for the instructor, Lynn M. Hunt; Management of instructional and assessment in aviation, Andrew S. Gibbons, A.F. O'Neal and Peter G. Fairweather; Simulation and Computer-Based Learning: Design requirements for computer-based learning systems for aircraft manufacturers, A.F. O'Neal; Simulation as an instructional procedure, Richard Macfarlane; Object technology and simulation life-cycle costs, Peter G. Fairweather; Evaluators and extended feedback models in aviation CBT, Andrew S. Gibbons; Human Factors Instruction -- Airlines: Human factors training in airlines, Ross Telfer, John Bent and Norm Dowd; Teaching human factors for airline operations, Neil Johnston; University airline internship programme: educational entrance to professional airline employment, Graham J.F. Hunt; Human Factors Instruction -- Air Traffic Control: Teaching human factors for air traffic control, V. David Hopkin; Evaluating standards in air traffic operations and training, Rod Baldwin; Teaching for visualizing in air traffic control, Anne R. Isaac; Human Factors Instruction --

Aviation Medicine: Teaching -- aviation medicine, Robin Griffiths; Human Factors Instruction -- Some Specific Applications: Training accident investigators for the human factors investigation, Dmitri V. Zotov; Human factors in Chinese civil aviation training, Liu Hanhui; Assessing human factors in primary aviation, Stanley R. Trollip; Author index; Subject index.

Graham J.F. Hunt, School of Aviation, Massey University, New Zealand.

1997, 336 pages, 53 Figures, 4 Tables

Aircraft Cabin, The Managing the Human Factors
Mary Edwards and Elwyn Edwards

"With the publication of this book, Edwards and Edwards have done a real service to those interested in human factors in transportation." -- Earl Wiener, Applied Ergonomics

The Aircraft Cabin applies current Human Factors knowledge to the dynamics of the cabin area of passenger-carrying aircraft. The book combines a concise history of the evolution of modern

passenger aviation with a comprehensive, readable analysis of Human Factors in the aircraft cabin.

The authors bring together a wide range of knowledge in aeronautics, Human Factors and aviation psychology, combined with a keen sense of the dynamics between flight deck personnel, cabin crew, and passengers during all phases of flight.

The Aircraft Cabin presents a unique combination of the latest theoretical understanding of the issues involved in the design and operation of transport aircraft with a very perceptive, practical understanding of what actually happens in the course of a flight. The book is written in a clear and non-technical style that emphasizes practical applications and findings rather than theoretical arguments.

The issues discussed in this unique, totally up-to-date book will be of vital interest to pilots, cabin crew, aircraft designers, regulators, and all those concerned with the safety of passengers in aircraft.

Contents: Part I: The Components of the Cabin; Human Factors; The Evolution of Passenger Aviation; The Cabin; The Passengers; The Cabin Crew; The Scope of Human Factors; Part II: The Major Hazards; Hardware in Emergencies; Software in Emergencies; Liveware in Emergencies; After the Emergency; Human Factors in Design and Management; Appendices; Bibliography.

The authors are Directors of Human Technology, Alderminster, Stratford-upon-Avon, England, and have both published extensively in a wide range of Human Factors-related fields. Dr. Mary Edwards has concentrated on organizational psychology and its relation to the new Human Factors technologies. Dr. Elwyn Edwards directed the "Human Factors in Transport Aircraft Operation" course at Loughborough and Aston Universities in the United Kingdom.

1990, 258 pages

A new approach to accident prevention strategies, with case studies of past accidents.

181pp; hardbound 

B01-03   In Stock 

This new study contains 17 papers by as many contributors, covering the basic concepts of instruction and evaluation, simulation and computer-based learning, and human factors instruction in specific environments, such as airline flying, air traffic control, and aeromedical applications. Recommended for instructors and curriculum developers working in the airline industry and air traffic control.

312pp; charts, diagrams, black & white photos 

B01-15   In Stock 

The effects of new technology, such as automated cockpits and flight management systems, on human performance.

336pp; hardbound with dust jacket 

B01-24   In Stock     

A study of human factors, including fatigue, body rhythms, ergonomics, communication, and more.

384pp; hardbound 

B01-02 Sale Price  

The first comprehensive book on the subject, which offers a clear understanding of pilot judgment, emphasizing how it can be applied to improving aviation safety.

349pp; hardbound with dust jacket 

B01-23   In Stock 

Much has been written on human error, but this very practical tome, by an experienced NTSB investigator, clearly explains how human error (now responsible for the majority of accidents) should be investigated.

302pp; hardbound with dust jacket 

B01-44  In Stock         

More than 20 specialists contribute chapters on topics related to air travel and how it affects human relationships and behavior, as well physiological functions. Subjects include legal aspects of passenger behavior; flying-related stress; the evolution of the air transport industry and its impact of passenger expectations and behavior; the fear of flying; psychological and psychiatric problems of airline passengers; the implications of air travel for relationships; homesickness; air rage-post 9/11; passenger attention to safety information; passenger behavior in emergency situations; the psychological impact of aircraft disasters; hostage behavior in hijack situations; effects and consequences of the cabin environment; passenger health and illness; travel fatigue and jetlag; appetite and in-flight catering; and sex and international travel.

316pp; hardbound 

B01-45  Special Order Only         

An authoritative and comprehensive work on the psychological determinants and effects associated with the fear of flying, covering theory, research, and practice, with contributions from an international panel of 20 leaders in their respective fields.

251pp; hardbound 

B01-46  Special Order Only